| 翻訳と辞書 |
| The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 1997 ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
1997 Constitution of Thailand
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, Buddhist Era 2540 (1997) ((タイ語:รัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย พุทธศักราช ๒๕๔๐); ) was a constitution of Thailand enacted on 11 October 1997 to replace the 1991 Constitution and was widely hailed as a landmark in Thai democratic constitutional reform. The Constitution was repealed by the Council for Democratic Reform on 19 September 2006 following a successful military coup and was replaced by the 2006 Constitution on 1 October 2006.
The 1997 Constitution was the first constitution to be drafted by popularly-elected Constitutional Drafting Assembly, hence was popularly called the "People's Constitution".〔Kittipong Kittayarak, (The Thai Constitution of 1997 and its Implication on Criminal Justice Reform )〕 The 1997 Constitution created a bicameral legislature. For the first time in Thai history, both houses were directly elected. Many human rights are explicitly acknowledged, and measures were established to increase the stability of elected governments.
==Constitution drafting process==
The "Black May" public uprising against a military-dominated government that gained power due to the 1991 Constitution provoked public calls for a more accountable system of government. In June 1994, the Committee of Democracy Development of the House of Representatives was established during the government of Chuan Leekpai. Chuan was forced to establish the Committee following a hunger strike by prominent activist Chalard Vorachat.〔Thanet Aphornsuvan, (The Search for Order: Constitutions and Human Rights in Thai Political History ), 2001 Symposium: Constitutions and Human Rights in a Global Age: An Asia Pacific perspective〕 The Committee, headed by academic Prawes Wasi, amended the 1991 Constitution but was unable to push through further reform. However, it did identify many basic frameworks which would become influential for subsequent political change.〔Committee of Democracy Development, "The Propositions and Conceptual Framework of Thai Political Reform", 1995, Thai Research Fund〕 After the collapse of the Chuan government, the 1995-1996 government of Banharn Silpa-archa established a Political Reform Committee which amended the Constitution again in 22 October 1996. Efforts to adopt a new constitution gained increasing public support. In 2 November 1995, noted royalist and social critic Dr. Prawase Wasi declared to a crowded Bangkok ballroom that Thailand urgently needed a new constitution, to help avert the potential calamity of political violence that might follow the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. None of the media outlets in the room dared report this highly sensitive speech.〔Duncan McCargo, "A Hollow Crown", New Left Review 43 (January–February 2007)〕
The 1996 amendment called for the creation of an entirely new constitution by a special committee outside the National Assembly. The Constitution Drafting Assembly (CDA) was formed with 99 members: seventy-six of them directly elected from each of the provinces and 23 qualified persons short-listed by the Parliament from academia and other sources.〔Borwornsak Uwanno and Wayne D. Burns, (The Thai Constitution of 1997 Sources and Process, part 2 )〕 Anand Panyarachun, Premier in 1991 under the military regime, was selected as a member of the CDA and appointed Chairman of the Drafting Committee. Political scientists and jurists Chai-Anan Samudavanija, Amorn Chantarasomboon, Uthai Pimchaichon, and Borwornsak Uwanno were key influencers of the draft. A process of public consultation took place on a nationwide basis. Some clauses, particularly the requirement that all MP's hold bachelor's degrees, the party list system, the Constitutional Court, and decentralisation provoked strong criticism, particularly from smaller parties.〔 The Asian Economic Crisis of 1997 increased public awareness about the need for reform, and has been cited as an impetus for the constitution's successful approval.〔 The draft was approved by the National Assembly with 518 votes for, 16 against, and 17 abstentions.〔 A referendum, called for if the draft was rejected by the National Assembly, was not necessary.〔Duncan McCargo, ( The 19 September 2006 coup – preliminary thoughts on the implications for the future direction of Thai politics ), 12 October 2006〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「1997 Constitution of Thailand」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|